failure n. 1.失敗 (opp. success); 不及格。 2.不足,缺乏;衰退;【醫(yī)學(xué)】衰竭。 3.不履行,玩忽。 4.破產(chǎn),倒閉;(銀行等的)無(wú)力支付。 5.失敗的事;失敗者。 6.【物理學(xué)】失效;【機(jī)械工程】斷裂,破壞,變鈍。 F- is the mother of success. = F- teaches success. 〔諺語(yǔ)〕失敗是成功之母。 a failure of rain 雨量缺乏。 failure in duty 不盡職。 a crop failure = (a) failure of crops 收成不好,歉收。 failure of electricity 停電。 a failure of issue 無(wú)后(嗣)。 failure of eyesight 視力減退。 He is a failure as a teacher. 他教書不行。 heart failure 【醫(yī)學(xué)】心力衰竭。 a social failure (社會(huì)上的)失敗者。 end in failure = meet with failure 終歸失敗。 invite failure 招致失敗。
Among them , shape memory alloy ( sma ) reinforced smart structures could be used to do self - adaptive structural shape and strength and to prevent structure failures 尤其是sma增強(qiáng)智能結(jié)構(gòu)可用于結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)度和形狀自適應(yīng)以及失效防范。
In recent years , reinforced concrete structure failures during construction time occur frequently . therefore , the research on structural reliability during construction is paid increasingly more attention on by scholars around the world 近年來(lái),由于施工期鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)事故的頻繁發(fā)生,有關(guān)施工期結(jié)構(gòu)的可靠性研究日益引起國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的重視。
In order to compare the difference between theoretical calculation method of structure failure probability and practical experiment result , a reliability experiment is done , and a plan of the structure system reliability experiment is discussed 同時(shí),針對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)失效概率的理論計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行了可靠性實(shí)驗(yàn)和方案設(shè)計(jì),并指出了應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題。
The result appears that the strength , hardness and ductility of corroded rc beam decrease with corrosion ratio , and the structure failure mode may change from flexural failure to shear failure when stirrup ratio is low 研究表明,銹蝕受彎梁的強(qiáng)度、剛度和延性隨著銹蝕率的增加而減少。對(duì)配箍率較小的銹蝕梁,其破壞形態(tài)可能從受彎破壞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭芗羝茐摹?
For normal pre - stressed concrete bridge structure , the following assumption may be taken to simplify the calculation : weak element assumption : when the service structure failure , the element that with the lowest reliability will failure first ; that is , when the element that with the lowest reliability fulfill the service requirement , other elements will fulfill accordingly 最弱單元假設(shè):在役結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)可靠性火效時(shí),系統(tǒng)山可靠度最低的單元首先火效;也即可靠度相對(duì)較低的單元滿足翌求時(shí),可靠度較高的單元一定亦能滿足要求。則得結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)可靠度為:刊z三oi zvs minj廠)門二
Based on extensive investigation of construction technique history of chinese ancient buildings , the structure method , structure developing history and seismic behavior of chinese ancient timber structure buildings are analyzed in several respects of the structural system and form . through a series of experiments on constituent parts of chinese ancient timber building structure , including the tests on the corbels and brackets called dougong subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings , the tests on the wooden frame using the tenon - mortise joints as connections of column and beam subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings , the tests on vibration isolation effect of friction and slippage between column footing and their socle base , and a series of shaking table tests on a chinese ancient timber structure palace building mode under artificial earthquake at serving conditions , destroyed conditions and reinforced conditions , many valuable results of structures such as moment - curvature hysteretic loops of dougong structure and tenon - mortise joints under low cyckc reversed loadings , the static function , the seismic performance , energy dissipation , vibration reduction , energy - loss mechanism , nechanicalmode and failure mode were studied . aplenty of valuable parameters of the structure system were obtained , such as the natural period of structure , vibration modes , damping ratio , factor of vibration isolation , oscillate amplitude of ineitial accebration , velocity and displacement , magnitude of slippage , and the mechanism of structure failure and collapse etc . based on these research , the complete analysis of ancient timber structure under earthquake were carried out in which including mechanism analysis method , calculating mode , strength analysis of members and joints , strengthening methods for serving damaged ancient timber structure buildings were also taken into account 依照宋代《營(yíng)造法式》建造了抬梁式殿堂木結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件及結(jié)構(gòu)模型,對(duì)中國(guó)古代木結(jié)構(gòu)中的典型構(gòu)造如:柱腳在礎(chǔ)石頂面平擱簡(jiǎn)支、柱架榫卯連接、柱高不越間之廣、側(cè)腳、生起、斗拱等的構(gòu)造機(jī)理及結(jié)構(gòu)功能進(jìn)行了量化分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究: (一)通過(guò)木柱石礎(chǔ)靜摩擦試驗(yàn),測(cè)定了柱腳與石礎(chǔ)古鏡面間的摩擦系數(shù)及摩擦力隨上部結(jié)構(gòu)荷載變化的規(guī)律; (二)通過(guò)單柱承載力試驗(yàn),測(cè)定了古建筑中木柱的受力變形特征、破壞模式、及模型材料的變形模量、極限承載力、極限變形等參量; (三)通過(guò)柱架低周反復(fù)荷載試驗(yàn),測(cè)定了柱架的抗側(cè)移剛度、柱架恢復(fù)力特性及滯回曲線、榫卯張角剛度及其變化規(guī)律、柱架及榫卯的極限承載力和極限變形、及榫卯減振參數(shù); (四)通過(guò)斗?低周反復(fù)荷載試驗(yàn)和受壓試驗(yàn),測(cè)定了古建筑木構(gòu)件與木構(gòu)件間摩擦系數(shù),斗?抗側(cè)移剛度,斗?恢復(fù)力特性及滯回曲線,斗?抗壓極限承載力及受力變形規(guī)律; (五)通過(guò)抬梁式殿堂間架模型振動(dòng)臺(tái)試驗(yàn),測(cè)定了殿堂木構(gòu)架結(jié)構(gòu)自振周期,地震反應(yīng)振形、阻尼特性及阻尼比;按結(jié)構(gòu)分層特點(diǎn)對(duì)柱腳、柱頭和斗?層上的屋蓋的地震反應(yīng)采用多點(diǎn)同步測(cè)量,對(duì)柱根滑移、榫卯變形、斗?的變形、復(fù)位、耗能減振參數(shù)等進(jìn)行了定量分析。
The results indicate that the different construction methods will have influence on the mode of the internal force redistribution , however , the methods will not cause influence on the mode of structure failure , and the ductility of the final structure will make the ultimate bearing capacity of the beams cast by the different methods get close to an identity 結(jié)果表明:不同施工方法會(huì)影響內(nèi)力重分布的模式,但不影響結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞模式,最終結(jié)構(gòu)的延性將使不同施工方法梁的極限承載力趨近一致。